Crisis in Command: Evaluating Satpol PP's Emergency Response in Mamuju's Earthquake Aftermath

Indonesia’s vulnerability to disasters, particularly earthquakes, necessitates a robust, coordinated response system that effectively engages both national and local actors. This study examines the role of Satuan Polisi Pamong Praja (Satpol PP) in the 2021 Mamuju earthquake response, highlighting their contributions, limitations, and potential in Indonesia’s decentralized disaster management framework. Employing a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through field observations, stakeholder interviews, and document analysis. Findings reveal that Satpol PP was one of the first responders at the local level, assisting in evacuation, security, and shelter management. Their close connection to local governance allowed them to act quickly and interact empathetically with affected communities. However, coordination challenges—especially with military units—and a lack of disaster-specific training, equipment, and clear operational procedures limited their overall effectiveness. Stakeholder perceptions were mixed. While local residents appreciated Satpol PP’s presence and efforts, inconsistencies in performance and visibility were noted, particularly in rural areas. Partner institutions acknowledged their enthusiasm but emphasized the need for clearer role definitions, joint simulations, and interoperable communication systems. This study argues for the strategic integration of Satpol PP into the national disaster response architecture through policy reform, regular inter-agency training, and technological innovation. By investing in capacity building and fostering cultural integration across agencies, Indonesia can strengthen local disaster governance and enhance national resilience. The Mamuju experience underscores those empowering underutilized local institutions like Satpol PP is not only practical but essential to ensuring effective, timely, and community-centered disaster response.