Climate Change-Induced Heatwaves and Public Health Policy: Evaluating Response and Resilience for Informal Settlements in Delhi

Climate change seems to be a reality which is driving extreme weather conditions across the planet. The recent heatwave trend in Northern India indicates that in 2024, Delhi experienced some of its highest recorded temperatures, with heatwaves persisting longer and becoming more intense. The city’s rising urban population and increasing deforestation have increased the urban heat island effect, making living conditions difficult, especially for those living in informal settlements. With over 30 percent of Delhi’s population residing in slums, the slum dwellers face a greater risk during heatwaves due to poor housing, lack of proper ventilation, and limited access to electricity and cooling facilities. Many of these work as daily wage labourers, forced to work outdoors even during peak heat hours exposing them further to health risks. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study integrates quantitative data on temperature trends, health records, and emergency response metrics with qualitative insights from healthcare professionals, public health officials, and affected residents. It also examines the effectiveness of existing policies such as the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), the Heat Action Plans (HAPs) by the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA), Master Plan for Delhi 2021 (MPD 2021) and Master Plan for Delhi 2041 (MPD 2041). The study tries to discuss these interventions to reduce vulnerability of the slum dwellers to heat waves, facilitate effective disaster risk management and ensure sustainable development of the population.